--- /dev/null
+
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--- /dev/null
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# format-floppy.sh — find floppy-sized drives (< 10 MB) and format one to FAT12.
+# Works with internal floppies (/dev/fd*) and USB floppy drives (/dev/sd*).
+# Requires: util-linux (lsblk, blockdev, wipefs), dosfstools (mkfs.fat, fsck.fat)
+
+set -euo pipefail
+trap 'echo "Error: step failed at line $LINENO: $BASH_COMMAND" >&2' ERR
+
+LABEL="FLOPPY" # volume label, max 11 chars
+MAX_BYTES=$((10 * 1024 * 1024)) # 10 MB threshold
+
+# ask for root
+if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
+ exec sudo -- "$0" "$@"
+fi
+
+for tool in lsblk blockdev wipefs mkfs.fat fsck.fat; do
+ command -v "$tool" >/dev/null || { echo "Missing tool: $tool (install util-linux / dosfstools)"; exit 1; }
+done
+
+# make internal floppy drives visible
+modprobe floppy 2>/dev/null || true
+
+# find external floppy drives (assumes size > 0 & < 10 MB)
+mapfile -t DRIVES < <(
+ lsblk -dnbo NAME,SIZE,TYPE | awk -v max="$MAX_BYTES" \
+ '$3 == "disk" && $2 > 0 && $2 < max { print $1 }'
+)
+
+if [[ ${#DRIVES[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+ echo "No drives smaller than 10 MB found. Is a disk inserted?"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+# turn "sdb" into "sd(b)" and "fd0" into "fd(0)"
+pretty() {
+ if [[ $1 =~ ^(sd|fd)(.+)$ ]]; then
+ echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}(${BASH_REMATCH[2]})"
+ else
+ echo "$1"
+ fi
+}
+
+
+
+# prompt
+if [[ ${#DRIVES[@]} -eq 1 ]]; then
+ DEV="${DRIVES[0]}"
+ lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,TRAN,MODEL,MOUNTPOINTS "/dev/$DEV"
+ echo
+ read -rp "/dev/$DEV will be formatted to FAT12. Press ENTER to confirm."
+else
+ lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,TRAN,MODEL,MOUNTPOINTS $(printf '/dev/%s ' "${DRIVES[@]}")
+ echo
+ choices=""
+ for d in "${DRIVES[@]}"; do choices+="$(pretty "$d") "; done
+
+ DEV=""
+ while [[ -z $DEV ]]; do
+ read -rp "Pick ${choices}and confirm with ENTER: " pick
+ for d in "${DRIVES[@]}"; do
+ # Accept the suffix ("b", "0") or the full name ("sdb", "fd0")
+ if [[ $pick == "$d" || "sd$pick" == "$d" || "fd$pick" == "$d" ]]; then
+ DEV="$d"
+ fi
+ done
+ [[ -z $DEV ]] && echo "Not a valid choice, try again or abort."
+ done
+fi
+
+TARGET="/dev/$DEV"
+SIZE=$(lsblk -dnbo SIZE "$TARGET")
+
+
+# the meat
+echo "Unmounting $TARGET..."
+lsblk -lnpo NAME "$TARGET" | while read -r p; do umount "$p" 2>/dev/null || true; done
+
+# USB floppy drives often report "write protected" right after insertion
+# (disk still spinning up) and the kernel caches that. Clear the user flag,
+# then make the kernel ask the drive again, retrying a few times.
+if [[ $(blockdev --getro "$TARGET") == 1 ]]; then
+ echo "Kernel has $TARGET marked read-only, asking the drive again..."
+ for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+ blockdev --setrw "$TARGET" 2>/dev/null || true
+ if [[ -w /sys/block/$DEV/device/rescan ]]; then
+ echo 1 > "/sys/block/$DEV/device/rescan" || true # re-read write-protect status
+ fi
+ blockdev --rereadpt "$TARGET" 2>/dev/null || true
+ udevadm settle 2>/dev/null || true
+ sleep 2
+ [[ $(blockdev --getro "$TARGET") == 0 ]] && break
+ echo " still read-only (attempt $attempt/5)"
+ done
+ if [[ $(blockdev --getro "$TARGET") == 1 ]]; then
+ echo "Could not make $TARGET writable. Kernel messages about it:"
+ dmesg 2>/dev/null | grep -i "$DEV" | grep -iE "protect|ro" | tail -n 5 || true
+ exit 1
+ fi
+ echo "$TARGET is writable now."
+fi
+
+echo "Wiping old signatures..."
+wipefs -aq "$TARGET"
+
+echo "Creating FAT12 filesystem on $TARGET..."
+if [[ $DEV == fd* ]]; then
+ mkfs.fat -F 12 -n "$LABEL" "$TARGET"
+else
+ # floppy geometry explicit
+ case $SIZE in
+ 1474560) GEOM=(-M 0xF0 -r 224 -s 1 -S 512) ;; # 1.44 MB 3.5" HD
+ 1228800) GEOM=(-M 0xF9 -r 224 -s 1 -S 512) ;; # 1.2 MB 5.25" HD
+ 737280) GEOM=(-M 0xF9 -r 112 -s 2 -S 512) ;; # 720 KB 3.5" DD
+ *) GEOM=() ; echo "Unusual size ($SIZE bytes), using mkfs.fat defaults." ;;
+ esac
+ mkfs.fat -F 12 -I "${GEOM[@]}" -n "$LABEL" "$TARGET"
+fi
+
+sync
+
+echo "Verifying..."
+if fsck.fat -n "$TARGET" >/dev/null; then
+ echo "Done: $TARGET is formatted as FAT12 (label $LABEL). Safe to eject."
+else
+ echo "Formatting finished, but verification reported problems. The floppy may be damaged."
+ exit 1
+fi
--- /dev/null
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# ff2ibm.sh — low-level format a floppy in standard IBM PC (MFM) format.
+# Sister script of ff2f12.sh: this lays down tracks and sectors only,
+# ff2f12.sh then creates the FAT12 filesystem on top.
+# Works with internal floppies (/dev/fd*, via fdformat) and
+# USB floppy drives (/dev/sd*, via ufiformat from the AUR).
+# Requires: util-linux (lsblk, blockdev, fdformat), ufiformat (USB only)
+
+set -euo pipefail
+trap 'echo "Error: step failed at line $LINENO: $BASH_COMMAND" >&2' ERR
+
+MAX_BYTES=$((10 * 1024 * 1024)) # 10 MB threshold
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+
+# ask for root
+if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
+ exec sudo -- "$0" "$@"
+fi
+
+for tool in lsblk blockdev; do
+ command -v "$tool" >/dev/null || { echo "Missing tool: $tool (install util-linux)"; exit 1; }
+done
+
+# make internal floppy drives visible, and enable SCSI pass-through for ufiformat
+modprobe floppy 2>/dev/null || true
+modprobe sg 2>/dev/null || true
+
+# find drives: small disks with media (size > 0 & < 10 MB) plus USB floppy
+# drives that ufiformat recognises (catches unformatted disks reporting size 0)
+mapfile -t DRIVES < <(
+ {
+ lsblk -dnbo NAME,SIZE,TYPE | awk -v max="$MAX_BYTES" \
+ '$3 == "disk" && $2 > 0 && $2 < max { print $1 }'
+ if command -v ufiformat >/dev/null; then
+ ufiformat -i 2>/dev/null | awk '$1 ~ /^\/dev\/sd/ { sub("/dev/", "", $1); print $1 }'
+ fi
+ } | sort -u
+)
+
+if [[ ${#DRIVES[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+ echo "No floppy drives found. Is a disk inserted?"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+# turn "sdb" into "sd(b)" and "fd0" into "fd(0)"
+pretty() {
+ if [[ $1 =~ ^(sd|fd)(.+)$ ]]; then
+ echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}(${BASH_REMATCH[2]})"
+ else
+ echo "$1"
+ fi
+}
+
+
+
+# prompt
+if [[ ${#DRIVES[@]} -eq 1 ]]; then
+ DEV="${DRIVES[0]}"
+ lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,TRAN,MODEL,MOUNTPOINTS "/dev/$DEV"
+ echo
+ read -rp "/dev/$DEV will be low-level formatted (IBM format). ALL DATA WILL BE LOST. Press ENTER to confirm."
+else
+ lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,TRAN,MODEL,MOUNTPOINTS $(printf '/dev/%s ' "${DRIVES[@]}")
+ echo
+ choices=""
+ for d in "${DRIVES[@]}"; do choices+="$(pretty "$d") "; done
+
+ DEV=""
+ while [[ -z $DEV ]]; do
+ read -rp "Pick ${choices}and confirm with ENTER: " pick
+ for d in "${DRIVES[@]}"; do
+ # Accept the suffix ("b", "0") or the full name ("sdb", "fd0")
+ if [[ $pick == "$d" || "sd$pick" == "$d" || "fd$pick" == "$d" ]]; then
+ DEV="$d"
+ fi
+ done
+ [[ -z $DEV ]] && echo "Not a valid choice, try again or abort."
+ done
+fi
+
+TARGET="/dev/$DEV"
+SIZE=$(lsblk -dnbo SIZE "$TARGET" 2>/dev/null || echo 0)
+
+# pick capacity from the current disk, or ask (unformatted disks report no size)
+case $SIZE in
+ 1474560) CAP=1440 ;;
+ 1228800) CAP=1200 ;;
+ 737280) CAP=720 ;;
+ *)
+ read -rp "Can't tell the disk type. Capacity in KB [1440/1200/720] (ENTER = 1440): " CAP
+ CAP=${CAP:-1440}
+ ;;
+esac
+[[ $CAP =~ ^(1440|1200|720)$ ]] || { echo "Unsupported capacity: $CAP"; exit 1; }
+
+
+# the meat
+echo "Unmounting $TARGET..."
+lsblk -lnpo NAME "$TARGET" 2>/dev/null | while read -r p; do umount "$p" 2>/dev/null || true; done
+
+# USB floppy drives often report "write protected" right after insertion
+# (disk still spinning up) and the kernel caches that. Clear the user flag,
+# then make the kernel ask the drive again, retrying a few times.
+if [[ $(blockdev --getro "$TARGET" 2>/dev/null || echo 0) == 1 ]]; then
+ echo "Kernel has $TARGET marked read-only, asking the drive again..."
+ for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+ blockdev --setrw "$TARGET" 2>/dev/null || true
+ if [[ -w /sys/block/$DEV/device/rescan ]]; then
+ echo 1 > "/sys/block/$DEV/device/rescan" || true # re-read write-protect status
+ fi
+ blockdev --rereadpt "$TARGET" 2>/dev/null || true
+ udevadm settle 2>/dev/null || true
+ sleep 2
+ [[ $(blockdev --getro "$TARGET") == 0 ]] && break
+ echo " still read-only (attempt $attempt/5)"
+ done
+ if [[ $(blockdev --getro "$TARGET") == 1 ]]; then
+ echo "Could not make $TARGET writable. Kernel messages about it:"
+ dmesg 2>/dev/null | grep -i "$DEV" | grep -iE "protect|ro" | tail -n 5 || true
+ exit 1
+ fi
+ echo "$TARGET is writable now."
+fi
+
+echo "Low-level formatting $TARGET as IBM ${CAP} KB (this takes a minute or two)..."
+if [[ $DEV =~ ^fd([0-9]+)$ ]]; then
+ command -v fdformat >/dev/null || { echo "Missing tool: fdformat (install util-linux)"; exit 1; }
+ DRIVE=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
+ # fdformat needs a device node with fixed geometry, e.g. /dev/fd0u1440.
+ # Modern udev doesn't create these, so make one if missing.
+ # Minor number = format type * 4 + drive number (floppy major is 2).
+ case $CAP in
+ 1440) NODE="/dev/fd${DRIVE}u1440"; TYPE=7 ;;
+ 1200) NODE="/dev/fd${DRIVE}h1200"; TYPE=2 ;;
+ 720) NODE="/dev/fd${DRIVE}u720"; TYPE=4 ;;
+ esac
+ if [[ ! -b $NODE ]]; then
+ mknod "$NODE" b 2 $((TYPE * 4 + DRIVE))
+ CREATED_NODE=1
+ fi
+ fdformat "$NODE" # verifies after formatting by default
+ [[ ${CREATED_NODE:-0} == 1 ]] && rm -f "$NODE"
+else
+ command -v ufiformat >/dev/null || { echo "Missing tool: ufiformat (install from the AUR, e.g. yay -S ufiformat)"; exit 1; }
+ ufiformat -f "$CAP" -V "$TARGET" # -V verifies after formatting
+fi
+
+sync
+
+echo "Done: $TARGET is low-level formatted (IBM ${CAP} KB). It has no filesystem yet."
